Module std::sync::mpsc [−] [src]

Multi-producer, single-consumer FIFO queue communication primitives.

This module provides message-based communication over channels, concretely defined among three types:

Sender
SyncSender
Receiver

A Sender or SyncSender is used to send data to a Receiver. Both senders are clone-able (multi-producer) such that many threads can send simultaneously to one receiver (single-consumer).

These channels come in two flavors:

An asynchronous, infinitely buffered channel. The channel() function will return a (Sender, Receiver) tuple where all sends will be asynchronous (they never block). The channel conceptually has an infinite buffer.
A synchronous, bounded channel. The sync_channel() function will return a (SyncSender, Receiver) tuple where the storage for pending messages is a pre-allocated buffer of a fixed size. All sends will be synchronous by blocking until there is buffer space available. Note that a bound of 0 is allowed, causing the channel to become a "rendezvous" channel where each sender atomically hands off a message to a receiver.

Disconnection

The send and receive operations on channels will all return a Result indicating whether the operation succeeded or not. An unsuccessful operation is normally indicative of the other half of a channel having "hung up" by being dropped in its corresponding thread.

Once half of a channel has been deallocated, most operations can no longer continue to make progress, so Err will be returned. Many applications will continue to unwrap() the results returned from this module, instigating a propagation of failure among threads if one unexpectedly dies.

Examples

Simple usage:

fn main() { use std::thread; use std::sync::mpsc::channel; // Create a simple streaming channel let (tx, rx) = channel(); thread::spawn(move|| { tx.send(10).unwrap(); }); assert_eq!(rx.recv().unwrap(), 10); }

use std::thread;
use std::sync::mpsc::channel;

// Create a simple streaming channel
let (tx, rx) = channel();
thread::spawn(move|| {
    tx.send(10).unwrap();
});
assert_eq!(rx.recv().unwrap(), 10);

Shared usage:

fn main() { use std::thread; use std::sync::mpsc::channel; // Create a shared channel that can be sent along from many threads // where tx is the sending half (tx for transmission), and rx is the receiving // half (rx for receiving). let (tx, rx) = channel(); for i in 0..10 { let tx = tx.clone(); thread::spawn(move|| { tx.send(i).unwrap(); }); } for _ in 0..10 { let j = rx.recv().unwrap(); assert!(0 <= j && j < 10); } }

use std::thread;
use std::sync::mpsc::channel;

// Create a shared channel that can be sent along from many threads
// where tx is the sending half (tx for transmission), and rx is the receiving
// half (rx for receiving).
let (tx, rx) = channel();
for i in 0..10 {
    let tx = tx.clone();
    thread::spawn(move|| {
        tx.send(i).unwrap();
    });
}

for _ in 0..10 {
    let j = rx.recv().unwrap();
    assert!(0 <= j && j < 10);
}

Propagating panics:

fn main() { use std::sync::mpsc::channel; // The call to recv() will return an error because the channel has already // hung up (or been deallocated) let (tx, rx) = channel::<i32>(); drop(tx); assert!(rx.recv().is_err()); }

use std::sync::mpsc::channel;

// The call to recv() will return an error because the channel has already
// hung up (or been deallocated)
let (tx, rx) = channel::<i32>();
drop(tx);
assert!(rx.recv().is_err());

Synchronous channels:

fn main() { use std::thread; use std::sync::mpsc::sync_channel; let (tx, rx) = sync_channel::<i32>(0); thread::spawn(move|| { // This will wait for the parent thread to start receiving tx.send(53).unwrap(); }); rx.recv().unwrap(); }

use std::thread;
use std::sync::mpsc::sync_channel;

let (tx, rx) = sync_channel::<i32>(0);
thread::spawn(move|| {
    // This will wait for the parent thread to start receiving
    tx.send(53).unwrap();
});
rx.recv().unwrap();

Structs

IntoIter	An owning iterator over messages on a receiver, this iterator will block whenever `next` is called, waiting for a new message, and `None` will be returned when the corresponding channel has hung up.
Iter	An iterator over messages on a receiver, this iterator will block whenever `next` is called, waiting for a new message, and `None` will be returned when the corresponding channel has hung up.
Receiver	The receiving-half of Rust's channel type. This half can only be owned by one thread
RecvError	An error returned from the `recv` function on a `Receiver`.
SendError	An error returned from the `send` function on channels.
Sender	The sending-half of Rust's asynchronous channel type. This half can only be owned by one thread, but it can be cloned to send to other threads.
SyncSender	The sending-half of Rust's synchronous channel type. This half can only be owned by one thread, but it can be cloned to send to other threads.
Handle	[Unstable] A handle to a receiver which is currently a member of a `Select` set of receivers. This handle is used to keep the receiver in the set as well as interact with the underlying receiver.
Select	[Unstable] The "receiver set" of the select interface. This structure is used to manage a set of receivers which are being selected over.

Enums

TryRecvError	This enumeration is the list of the possible reasons that `try_recv` could not return data when called.
TrySendError	This enumeration is the list of the possible error outcomes for the `SyncSender::try_send` method.

Functions

channel	Creates a new asynchronous channel, returning the sender/receiver halves.
sync_channel	Creates a new synchronous, bounded channel.